Periodontal traumatism Excessive occlusal forces result in typical changes in the periodontal ligament and also bone. If these abnormal occlusal forces are chronic and repeated over a long period of time, the periodontal ligament gradually becomes denser and the periodontal space widens. The alveolar bone becomes denser also and the teeth will show obvious linear patterns, with definite facets on the crowns of teeth. An acute traumatic force sufficient to produce traumatic injury to the periodontium also results in rather specific changes in the tooth attachment apparatus. For example a force which tips a tooth sharply to the buccal side results in a crushing of the periodontal ligament fibres and perhaps of the alveolar crest bone. The blood vessels in the involved area become thrombosed, and edema and extravasations of blood occurs. On the opposite side of the tooth there is often a tear of the periodontal ligament and sometimes cementum or bone is torn loose. ...
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